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The potential of agriculture, forestry, and other land uses to sequester carbon offers a powerful tool for controlling the global climate regime, but practices capable of creating “collateral” benefits for landscape conservation have thus far been disregarded. This paper calls for greater integration of scattered trees into agricultural landscapes, hypothesizing that agroforestry practices effectively store carbon and deliver other important ecosystem services as well. Several agroforests from the Upper Lusatia area in Eastern Germany have been selected for analysis. They cover relatively large areas of land (8.2%), even within this intensively used agricultural landscape, and their extent increased from 1964-2008 by 19.4%. Practices of conserving or promoting the six agroforest classes are compared with a catalogue of essential properties for becoming effective “carbon offset projects”. Criteria from mandatory and voluntary carbon markets for carbon sequestration are then applied (additionality, baselines, permanence, and carbon leakage). The study concludes that steps towards realization of “carbon sequestration projects” should include collecting empirical evidence regarding the carbon sequestration potential of temperate agroforestry systems, developing localised demonstration projects, and upscaling these projects to participate in established carbon markets.
Eastern Mediterranean silvopastoral oak woodlands have been greatly damaged through forest conversion, illegal lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires. The aim of this study was to assess land-use changes and the legacies that they have imprinted on the forest structure of Quercus macrolepis and accompanying Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris woodlands on Lesvos Island, Greece. The size-structures of adult oak populations were analyzed as indicators of long-term oak regeneration, while short-term recruitment was determined by counting oak seedlings and saplings. The size-structure of the adult Q. macrolepis population was similar to the inverse J-shaped distribution typical for natural Mediterranean oak forests, indicating continuous recruitment with a constant mortality rate of mature individuals. Seedling and sapling densities were highly variable, but generally low in relation to adult oak densities. Recruitment of oak seedlings and saplings was positively related to determinants such as forest cover, adult oak density and basal area, woody plant richness, and litter cover. Both seedling and sapling occurrence was negatively associated with dung frequency, which suggests that sheep grazing imposes a barrier to oak recruitment. The study outlines a comprehensive land-use transition from the 1950s to the 1970s, during which a complex and multifunctional agrosilvopastoral land-use system was simplified to an intensive grazing system. The discrepancy between the successful long-term regeneration and the less successful short-term recruitment of oaks illustrates that intensified livestock grazing has been a major driver of vegetation change. Grazing impact is likely to interact with increasing drought conditions, which may trigger a negative feedback cycle that undermines the capacity of woodlands to sustain ecosystem services.
10. Anhang
(2011)
Die ungezogene Tochter
(2011)
Zweckfreiheit als Form
(2011)
[Titelei] Jahrbuch 2010
(2011)
Autorenverzeichnis
(2011)
Der Beitrag Georg Greflingers zur Rezeption von Cesare Ripas 'Iconologia' in Deutschland (Magisterarbeit 1989/überarbeitet 2011) Georg Greflingers kleines Werk 'Zwo Hundert Außbildungen von Tugenden, Lastern, Menschlichen Begierden, [...]' (erschienen in Hamburg 1659) ist die erste selbständig erschienene Übersetzung von Cesare Ripas 'Iconologia' in Deutschland. Ihr vorausgegangen waren auszugsweise Übertragungen aus der Iconologia durch Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, die sich in zweien seiner Hauptwerke: den 'Frauenzimmer Gesprächspielen' (1641-49), und im 'Poetischen Trichter' (1647-53) finden. Einige der "Concetti" aus der 'Iconologia' hat auch der Kölner Jesuit Jacob Masen in eines der von ihm verfassten lateinischen Kompendien zur Dichtungstheorie, das 'Speculum Imaginum veritatis occultae' (1650) aufgenommen. Die Übersetzung Greflingers wird ausführlich analysiert und im Kontext seines Werks und seiner Übersetzungspraxis kommentiert. Harsdörffers und Masens Ripa-Adaptionen - von der Ripa-Forschung bisher kaum zur Kenntnis genommen - werden zum Vergleich mit Greflingers Leistung ebenfalls detailliert vorgestellt.
