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Das Großwörterbuch des Ungarischen (GWU) ist grundsätzlich ein Bedeutungswörterbuch, das auch eine historische Dimension hat. Einerseits sind im Wörterbuch auch zahlreiche Stichwörter zu finden, die im Sprachgebrauch der früheren Jahrzehnte der bearbeiteten Periode (von 1772 bis zunächst 2000) wichtig gewesen sind. Andererseits kann die Bedeutungsstruktur vieler auch heute gebrauchter Wörter um Bedeutungen ergänzt werden, die nur aufgrund älterer Textstellen des Corpus erschlossen werden können. Diese Veränderungen im lexikalischen Bestand und in der Wortsemantik weisen natürlich auch auf aussersprachliche Umstände hin, aber auch auf das Verhältnis zwischen Innovation und Entlehnung als Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung des Wortschatzes. Die lexikologische Markierung, d. h. die Bezeichnung der sprachlichen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten (Stile) und Fachbezogenheit der einzelnen Wörter (Bedeutungen) in einem historisch geprägten Bedeutungswörterbuch ist oft recht problematisch. Dem Lexikographen fehlt nämlich die persönliche Erfahrung des Sprachgebrauches einer früheren Synchronie, so ist er gezwungen, mit einer „zusätzlichen, erweiterten“ Kompetenz diese wichtigen Züge der behandelten Lexeme zu beschreiben. Anführungen zu unterschiedlichen grammatischen Merkmalen der Stichwörter können einem Wörterbuch nicht fehlen. Die Art und der Umfang dieser Verweise können die richtige Einschätzung der Verwendungsmöglichkeiten eines Wortes auch für ältere Perioden ziemlich gut fördern. Darüber hinaus können mit Hilfe der Wörterbuchgrammatik ggf. auch Veränderungen im grammatischen System dargestellt werden.
In the last decade, interaction between scholarly lexicography and the public has grown enormously. While in the old days, the lexicographer and in particular, the scholarly lexicographer, had a tendency to describe the lexicon from an ivory tower, in a way that was for the general public rather unaccessible, a change has been evident for some time now. Interaction with the general public is now more and more appreciated and is even being stimulated within the lexicographic community. This holds too for the Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek (ANW), a project of the Institute for Dutch Lexicology in Leiden. The ANW is an online scholarly dictionary of contemporary Dutch. In its periodization it is the successor of the Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (WNT), which was completed in 2001 and covers the vocabulary of the Netherlands and Flanders up to around 1976. The editorial staff of the ANW would like to create a dictionary that is suitable for different audiences, ranging from language professionals and other academics to pupils, students and language enthusiasts in general. Consequently, interaction with the public is very important to the ANW editorial staff. It is realised in various ways. First, each dictionary article offers users the option to give feedback. Second, the editorial staff uses questions and comments gathered on internet forums, such as Meldpunt Taal (launched in June 2010) and Neo-term. The ANW staff also approaches the public directly through Twitter, with items such as ‘neologism of the week’, facts about spelling and answers to questions about language that have been received. A relatively new initiative is to call upon the public in the search for information for the dictionary, such as synonyms, pictures and the earliest use of words. Language games and word polls are other ways to increase the interest and involvement of the general public in the ANW.
Khwarezmische Lexikographie
(2003)
Numerous high-quality primary text sources—in the context of the curation project described here, this means full-text transcriptions (and corresponding image scans) of German works originating from the 15th to the 19th centuries—are scattered among the web or stored remotely. E.g., transcriptions of historical sources are stored locally on degrading recording media and cannot be found, let alone accessed by third parties. Additionally, idiosyncratic, project-specific markup conventions and uncommon, out-of-date or inflexible storage formats often hinder further usage and analysis of the data. Often, textual resources are accompanied by scarce, insufficient or inaccurate bibliographic information, which is only one further reason why valuable resources, even if available on the web, remain undiscovered by and are of little use to the wider research community. The integration of these dispersed primary text sources into the sustainable, web and centres-based research infrastructure of CLARIN-D will be an important step to solve this problem. The Full Paper illustrates an exemplary approach taken by the »Deutsches Textarchiv« (DTA; www.deutschestextarchiv.de) at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW) to integrate dispersed textual resources and corresponding image scans from various sources into a large historical text corpus of its own and to insert these into the infrastructure of CLARIN-D.
Among mass digitization methods, double-keying is considered to be the one with the lowest error rate. This method requires two independent transcriptions of a text by two different operators. It is particularly well suited to historical texts, which often exhibit deficiencies like poor master copies or other difficulties such as spelling variation or complex text structures. Providers of data entry services using the double-keying method generally advertise very high accuracy rates (around 99.95% to 99.98%). These advertised percentages are generally estimated on the basis of small samples, and little if anything is said about either the actual amount of text or the text genres which have been proofread, about error types, proofreaders, etc. In order to obtain significant data on this problem it is necessary to analyze a large amount of text representing a balanced sample of different text types, to distinguish the structural XML/TEI level from the typographical level, and to differentiate between various types of errors which may originate from different sources and may not be equally severe. This paper presents an extensive and complex approach to the analysis and correction of double-keying errors which has been applied by the DFG-funded project “Deutsches Textarchiv” (German Text Archive, hereafter DTA) in order to evaluate and preferably to increase the transcription and annotation accuracy of double-keyed DTA texts. Statistical analyses of the results gained from proofreading a large quantity of text are presented, which verify the common accuracy rates for the double-keying method.