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Zweckfreie Forschung?
(2011)
Der Band enthält in 8 Abteilungen ca. 184 Schriften. Zunächst bestimmt der Tod von Kurfürst Ernst August im Februar 1698 die dynastische Politik: Leibniz verfasst eine umfangreiche biographische Würdigung. Das Welfenhaus wird nun jedoch von der Nachfolgeregelung erschüttert. Die jüngeren Brüder des neuen Kurfürsten wehren sich gegen die testamentarisch etablierte Primogeniturordnung, zu deren Befürwortern Leibniz gehört. Weiterhin kämpft er mit publizistischen Mitteln um die diplomatische Anerkennung der Neunten Kur. Das ökumenische Gespräch mit der katholischen Seite kommt 1697/98 wieder in Gang, aber der Schwerpunkt der kirchenpolitischen Aktivitäten liegt auf den Verhandlungen über eine Union der evangelischen Kirchen. Mit dem "Unvorgreifflichen Bedencken" antworten Leibniz und G. W. Molanus auf den Berliner Hofprediger D. E. Jablonski. Bisher lag diese Schrift nur in Auszügen gedruckt vor, jetzt wird sie in zwei Fassungen ediert, deren Vergleich neues Licht auf Leibniz’ ökumenisches Konzept wirft. Auf Russland und China richtet Leibniz weiterhin seine Aufmerksamkeit. Daneben interessiert er sich für den Torfabbau und entwickelt Pläne gegen die Teuerung der Lebensmittel. Wichtige familiäre Ereignisse im Welfenhaus begleitet er mit Gedichten. Als subtiler Beobachter der Gelehrtenrepublik kommentiert er ihre Leistungen, aber auch ihren Klatsch.
In Lower Lusatia, eastern Germany, the changing impacts of lignite coal mining and potential climate change have put the naturally low water yield conditions under pressure. Water resources balances describe the hydrological situation in the region and the need for action due to changing boundary conditions. Extended transfer of flood water from neighbouring catchments is considered inevitable for sustainable regional development and the establishment of a quantitatively and qualitatively selfregulated water system. Using the river basin management system WBalMo®, potential water transfer scenarios to compensate for water deficits resulting from regional and global change are analysed.
The present study explores whether regional water resources can be used more efficiently by Brandenburg’s farming systems. A description of agriculture in Brandenburg today is followed by a systematic analysis of measures to raise the water efficiency. Brandenburg’s agricultural systems are divided into three sections: soil, plant production and livestock farming. Within these sections measures to increase water efficiency are listed and analysed with reference to five objective criteria for raising water use efficiency. In view of the complexity of farming systems in Brandenburg, general measures to raise water use efficiency could not be derived. Site-specific tillage practices and crop patterns adjusted to recent weather conditions may reflect the specific diversity of Brandenburg more efficiently.
Global climate change and aspects of regional climate change in the Berlin-Brandenburg region
(2011)
To obtain an estimate of the average temperature of the northern hemisphere during the last 1200 years, proxy data have been merged with instrumental recordings. These instrumental measurements are, with a few exceptions, only available for the recent 150 years. In the city of Berlin the temperature has been recorded since as early as 1701. However, during the first 150 years the measurements were problematic as location, measurement procedure and instruments changed frequently and without proper documentation. From 1847 onwards observations became more reliable once the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute had been established. For the last 100 years temperature and precipitation measurements have been performed in parallel at Berlin-Dahlem and Potsdam. The datasets recorded in the city of Berlin and in Berlin-Dahlem have been merged to obtain a record of more than 300 years. It indicates that the temperature of Berlin has risen by 1.04°C during the last 100 years after correcting for the urbanisation effect. In the same period, the total number of frost days has significantly decreased by almost 17 days, and the number of summer days has significantly increased by about 12 days. Annual mean precipitation has hardly changed (decrease less than 0.2 %) during the last century. However, rainfall has decreased by about 4 % in summer and increased by 3 % in winter. All precipitation changes are below the 95 % ignificance level. Model projections indicate that warming will continue which means that Berlin-Brandenburg will experience a temperature rise of about 3-3.5°C by the end of this century for the IPCC scenario A1B. For the same scenario precipitation is expected to increase by 10-20 % in winter and to decrease by 10-30 % in summer: The seasonal precipitation changes compensate each other resulting in an almost unchanged annual mean.
This special issue of DIE ERDE presents selected key topics discussed within the BBAW working group, including work by group members and invited external researchers, containing nine articles highlighting “Regional Water Challenges” resulting from different kinds of environmental and social changes. We aim to present the complexity of interaction between changes and responses. While the first four articles focus on describing climatic and hydrological changes and their causes, the following five articles focus more on possible mitigation and adaptation measures.