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Altersbilder im Wandel
(2011)
Nachwuchs mit grauen Haaren
(2011)
Der Lebensraum des Künstlers in der Florentinischen Renaissance : Über Martin Wackernagels Schrift
(2011)
Hieronymus vor der Deadline
(2011)
The potential of agriculture, forestry, and other land uses to sequester carbon offers a powerful tool for controlling the global climate regime, but practices capable of creating “collateral” benefits for landscape conservation have thus far been disregarded. This paper calls for greater integration of scattered trees into agricultural landscapes, hypothesizing that agroforestry practices effectively store carbon and deliver other important ecosystem services as well. Several agroforests from the Upper Lusatia area in Eastern Germany have been selected for analysis. They cover relatively large areas of land (8.2%), even within this intensively used agricultural landscape, and their extent increased from 1964-2008 by 19.4%. Practices of conserving or promoting the six agroforest classes are compared with a catalogue of essential properties for becoming effective “carbon offset projects”. Criteria from mandatory and voluntary carbon markets for carbon sequestration are then applied (additionality, baselines, permanence, and carbon leakage). The study concludes that steps towards realization of “carbon sequestration projects” should include collecting empirical evidence regarding the carbon sequestration potential of temperate agroforestry systems, developing localised demonstration projects, and upscaling these projects to participate in established carbon markets.
Eastern Mediterranean silvopastoral oak woodlands have been greatly damaged through forest conversion, illegal lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires. The aim of this study was to assess land-use changes and the legacies that they have imprinted on the forest structure of Quercus macrolepis and accompanying Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris woodlands on Lesvos Island, Greece. The size-structures of adult oak populations were analyzed as indicators of long-term oak regeneration, while short-term recruitment was determined by counting oak seedlings and saplings. The size-structure of the adult Q. macrolepis population was similar to the inverse J-shaped distribution typical for natural Mediterranean oak forests, indicating continuous recruitment with a constant mortality rate of mature individuals. Seedling and sapling densities were highly variable, but generally low in relation to adult oak densities. Recruitment of oak seedlings and saplings was positively related to determinants such as forest cover, adult oak density and basal area, woody plant richness, and litter cover. Both seedling and sapling occurrence was negatively associated with dung frequency, which suggests that sheep grazing imposes a barrier to oak recruitment. The study outlines a comprehensive land-use transition from the 1950s to the 1970s, during which a complex and multifunctional agrosilvopastoral land-use system was simplified to an intensive grazing system. The discrepancy between the successful long-term regeneration and the less successful short-term recruitment of oaks illustrates that intensified livestock grazing has been a major driver of vegetation change. Grazing impact is likely to interact with increasing drought conditions, which may trigger a negative feedback cycle that undermines the capacity of woodlands to sustain ecosystem services.
Nach Beendigung der Neubearbeitung des Deutschen Wörterbuchs werden die lexikographischen Arbeiten im Rahmen eines digitalen lexikalischen Systems fortgeführt. Welche Perspektiven sich insbesondere für die historische Lexikographie durch die neuen Arbeitsbedingungen eröffnen, ist Thema eines Workshops, den die Arbeitsstelle „Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm - Neubearbeitung” veranstaltet. Die Vorträge beleuchten das Thema unter verschiedenen Aspekten. So soll der spezifische Informationsgehalt von Artikeln in historischen Wörterbüchern illustriert und mit Angaben in gegenwartssprachlichen Wörterbüchern verglichen werden. Darüber hinaus werden Überlegungen zur Erschließung und Nutzung von Quellen sowie zur Erarbeitung und Präsentation lexikographischer Informationen im digitalen Zeitalter vorgestellt. Dazu gehört auch ein Überblick über bereits vorhandene elektronische Redaktionssysteme. Ein Vortrag, in dem es um Desiderata nach dem Ende der DWB-Neubearbeitung gehen soll, beschließt die Veranstaltung.
In diesem Beitrag sollen ausgewählte Aspekte der Entwicklung von Seen in Berlin-Brandenburg im Zusammenhang mit den prognostizierten Klimaänderungen dargestellt werden. Dazu wird zunächst ein Überblick zur Entstehung und Typisierung von Gewässern sowie ihrer Nutzung gegeben. Anhand des aktuellen Wissens wird diskutiert, welche Konsequenzen sich aus den erwarteten Veränderungen der Temperatur und des hydrologischen Regimes auf die Funktion und Nutzung vor allem von Seen in Berlin-Brandenburg ergeben können. Daraus wird abgeleitet, welche zukünftigen Herausforderungen sich für die Wissenschaft, die Politik und den praktischen Gewässerschutz ergeben.
Diskussion 1 [Wissenschaftliche Sitzung der Versammlung der Akademiemitglieder am 2. Juli 2010
(2011)
Die Sprache der Wissenschaft
(2011)
Diskussion 2 [Wissenschaftliche Sitzung der Versammlung der Akademiemitglieder am 2. Juli 2010]
(2011)
Einführung [Wissenschaftliche Sitzung der Versammlung der Akademiemitglieder am 26. November 2010]
(2011)
What's going on? : Episoden und Fragen zum Thema Sprache und Sprachlichkeit der Wissenschaften
(2011)
Diskussion [Wissenschaftliche Sitzung der Versammlung der Akademiemitglieder am 26. November 2010]
(2011)
Globalesisch: Fluch oder Segen? : Einige Gedanken aus der Sicht der kognitiven Neurowissenschaft
(2011)
This special issue of DIE ERDE presents selected key topics discussed within the BBAW working group, including work by group members and invited external researchers, containing nine articles highlighting “Regional Water Challenges” resulting from different kinds of environmental and social changes. We aim to present the complexity of interaction between changes and responses. While the first four articles focus on describing climatic and hydrological changes and their causes, the following five articles focus more on possible mitigation and adaptation measures.
Global climate change and aspects of regional climate change in the Berlin-Brandenburg region
(2011)
To obtain an estimate of the average temperature of the northern hemisphere during the last 1200 years, proxy data have been merged with instrumental recordings. These instrumental measurements are, with a few exceptions, only available for the recent 150 years. In the city of Berlin the temperature has been recorded since as early as 1701. However, during the first 150 years the measurements were problematic as location, measurement procedure and instruments changed frequently and without proper documentation. From 1847 onwards observations became more reliable once the Royal Prussian Meteorological Institute had been established. For the last 100 years temperature and precipitation measurements have been performed in parallel at Berlin-Dahlem and Potsdam. The datasets recorded in the city of Berlin and in Berlin-Dahlem have been merged to obtain a record of more than 300 years. It indicates that the temperature of Berlin has risen by 1.04°C during the last 100 years after correcting for the urbanisation effect. In the same period, the total number of frost days has significantly decreased by almost 17 days, and the number of summer days has significantly increased by about 12 days. Annual mean precipitation has hardly changed (decrease less than 0.2 %) during the last century. However, rainfall has decreased by about 4 % in summer and increased by 3 % in winter. All precipitation changes are below the 95 % ignificance level. Model projections indicate that warming will continue which means that Berlin-Brandenburg will experience a temperature rise of about 3-3.5°C by the end of this century for the IPCC scenario A1B. For the same scenario precipitation is expected to increase by 10-20 % in winter and to decrease by 10-30 % in summer: The seasonal precipitation changes compensate each other resulting in an almost unchanged annual mean.
The present study explores whether regional water resources can be used more efficiently by Brandenburg’s farming systems. A description of agriculture in Brandenburg today is followed by a systematic analysis of measures to raise the water efficiency. Brandenburg’s agricultural systems are divided into three sections: soil, plant production and livestock farming. Within these sections measures to increase water efficiency are listed and analysed with reference to five objective criteria for raising water use efficiency. In view of the complexity of farming systems in Brandenburg, general measures to raise water use efficiency could not be derived. Site-specific tillage practices and crop patterns adjusted to recent weather conditions may reflect the specific diversity of Brandenburg more efficiently.