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Psychology's territories - historical and contemporary perspective from different disciplines
(2007)
What determines the territories of psychology? How have the boundaries of psychological research and practice been developed in history, and how might or should they be changed nowadays? This volume presents new approaches to these questions, resulting from a three-year collaboration among internationally known psychologists, neuroscientists, social scientists and historians and philosophers of science from Germany and the United States under the auspices of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. The authors reflect critically on traditional and current views of psychology on the basis of focused historical and contemporary case studies of three broad topic areas: How have psychological concepts been used in disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, or neuroscience, as well as in daily life? Has the use of instruments in psychological research expanded or restricted the discipline’s reach? And how have applications of psychological thinking and research worked in practical contexts? The volume thus presents essays that investigate the separations as well as the interactions between psychology and its neighboring disciplines and, moreover, essays that try to overcome disciplinary distinctions in exemplary ways. The contributions aim to make historical and philosophical studies of psychology relevant to contemporary concerns, and to show how psychology can profit from better interdisciplinary cooperation, thus improving mutual understanding between different scientific cultures.
Full applicability of physics to human biology does not necessarily imply that one can uncover a comprehensive, algorithmic correlation between physical brain states and corresponding mental states. The argument takes into account that information processing is finite in principle in a finite world. Presumbly the brain-mind-relation cannot be resolved in all essential aspects, particularly when high degrees of abstraction or self-analytical processes are involved. Our conjecture plausibly unifies the universal validity of physics and a logical limitation of human thought, and it does not regard consciousness -the most basic human experience - as a marginal phenomenon. ++++ RATIO appeared up to 1987 in both a German and an English version. The German title of this article: Alfred Gierer, Der physikalische Grundlegungsversuch in der Biologie und das psychophysische Problem. RATIO XII, Heft 1, 1970, S. 40-54.
Die volle Anwendbarkeit der Physik auf die Biologie des menschlichen Gehirns bedeutet nicht notwendig, dass es ein finitistisches und zugleich vollständiges, algorithmisches Verfahren der Korrelation mentaler mit physikalischen Zuständen geben kann. Vielmehr gibt es Gründe für die Hypothese, dass eine umfassende Theorie der psychophysischen Beziehung prinzipiell unmöglich sein könnte. Diese Auffassung verbindet die Universalität der Physik mit der logischen Begrenztheit des menschlichen Denkens (z. B. in Bezug auf sich selbst) und betrachtet Bewusstsein - die ursprünglichste menschliche Erfahrung - nicht als Randphänomen. ++++ Die Zeitschrift RATIO erschien bis 1987 in einer deutschen und in einer englischen Ausgabe. Die englische Version des Artikels lautet: A. Gierer, The physical foundations of biology and the problems of psychophysics. RATIO XII, No. 1, 1970. S. 47-64.