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In this text the author argues that the emergence of social foreignness is a result of established-outsiders-figuration whereby the foreign is rendered in the Course of violent conflicts. Accordingly, modern forms of communication and mobilization enable the existence of ethnopolitical collective subjects. The starting point of the constmction of the foreign and - at the Same time - the most important sign of difference between the established and the outsiders is a conflicting interpretation of historically granted land rights.
This study emphasizes the significance of language politics for a process of nation building and national self-identity as exemplified by France and Frenchspeaking Africa. Based on linguistic differences (between foreign languages and foreign language, one's own language and ones native language etc.) the foreign is identified in the field of language politics and is required in order to identify the domestic language as such. The privileging of national languages subsequently goes along with the marginalization and exclusion of other languages. That which can be considered foreign includes, on the one hand, a language used by an elite (Latin) or colonial power (the French in Afrika) and, on the other hand, foreign can be that which is excluded from the dominant language practices.
This essay examines Italian Humanists' national discourses from Dante to Machiavelli and Guicciardini to demonstrate that the construction of a secondary foreignness emerges through the exclusion, rejection and devaluation of others. The familiarity with others and cornrnon membership in universal Middleage institutions(Church and Kingdom) are the preconditions for any foreigness construction. Thus the foreign is identified through a process of transition from intemal differenciation to exclusion. The authors use discourse analysis to focus on the transferal of cornrnunal and imperial cognitive pattems to a national context which leads to semantic modifications indicating the becoming foreign of the others. Accordingly the demarcation of space would be justified with recourse to an invented past, imagined to be one's own and not the past of the foreigners.
Wärmerohre sind äußerst effiziente passive Wärmeübertragungselemente, die bei kleiner treibender Temperaturdifferenz große Wärmestromdichten transportieren können. Sie haben verschiedenartige Anwendungen gefunden, zum Temperaturausgleich und zum Forttransport der Wärmedissipation in Satelliten, zum Kühlen und Isothermalisieren elektronischer Bauteile und Schaltungen und von elektrischen Komponenten und Geräten, zur isothermen Beheizung oder Kühlung chemischer Reaktoren, zur Realisierung isothermer Hohlräume in der Ofentechnik oder für Strahlungsnormale, u.v.a.m. Neben der Elektronik-Kühlung ist das wichtigste Anwendungsgebiet der Einsatz von Wärmerohr-Wärmetauschern zur Wärmerückgewinnung aus stoffgebundenen Abwärme- Strömen, in erster Linie heißen Gasen, zum Zweck der Heizwärme- oder Prozeßwärmeerzeugung. Die Funktionsweise der wesentlichen Typen von Wärmerohren, Wärmerohr mit Kapillarstruktur und schwerkraftunterstütztes Wärmerohr ohne Kapillarstruktur, wird besprochen. Die Leistungsgrenzen schwerkraftunterstützter Wärmerohre werden dargestellt. Verschiedene technische Anwendungen werden diskutiert. Im Vordergrund steht dabei der Einsatz von Wärmerohren in Wärmerohr-Wärmetauschern zu Abfallenergienutzung.