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The present study explores whether regional water resources can be used more efficiently by Brandenburg’s farming systems. A description of agriculture in Brandenburg today is followed by a systematic analysis of measures to raise the water efficiency. Brandenburg’s agricultural systems are divided into three sections: soil, plant production and livestock farming. Within these sections measures to increase water efficiency are listed and analysed with reference to five objective criteria for raising water use efficiency. In view of the complexity of farming systems in Brandenburg, general measures to raise water use efficiency could not be derived. Site-specific tillage practices and crop patterns adjusted to recent weather conditions may reflect the specific diversity of Brandenburg more efficiently.
The neuronal dynamics of auditory language comprehension : (Akademievorlesung am 12. November 1998)
(1999)
Für Schleiermacher ist Religion keine pädagogisch nützliche Mischung von Metaphysik und Moral, sondern eine eigene Dimension des Menschseins, Anschauung des Universums, Sinn und Geschmack fürs Unendliche; die von der Aufklärung favorisierte „natürliche Religion“ der allgemeinen, übergeschichtlichen Vernunftwahrheiten sei bloß eine Totgeburt, jede wirkliche, lebendige Religion dagegen eine unableitbare geschichtliche Individualität. Im Christentum sei Jesus Christus die Zentralgestalt, der Vermittler und Versöhner des Zwiespalts zwischen Endlichem und Unendlichem, an dem sich alle Religion abarbeite. Im Laufe seiner Entwicklung strebe das Christentum immer mehr zu Sozialgestalten ohne Hierarchie zwischen Priestern und Laien; in der Vollendung (den aber selbst der Protestantismus noch nicht erreicht habe) würden alle „von Gott gelehrt“ sein (Johannes 6,45).
Der theologische Rationalismus war die letzte Gestalt der Aufklärungstheologie; seine Blütezeit erlebte er gleichzeitig und in Konkurrenz mit der u.a. von Schelling geprägten spekulativen Richtung und mit der teils mehr biblizistischen, teils mehr konfessionellen Theologie der Erweckung. Kennzeichen des Rationalismus war einerseits eine verstärkte historisch-kritische Quellenforschung, andererseits das Bemühen, Lehre und Praxis soweit möglich auf das auszurichten, was jenseits geschichtlicher Autoritäten der allgemeinen menschlichen Vernunft plausibel sei: die Existenz Gottes, die Unsterblichkeit der Seele und die Pflicht zu tugendhaftem Leben. Seit etwa 1840 verfiel der Rationalismus.
This special issue of DIE ERDE presents selected key topics discussed within the BBAW working group, including work by group members and invited external researchers, containing nine articles highlighting “Regional Water Challenges” resulting from different kinds of environmental and social changes. We aim to present the complexity of interaction between changes and responses. While the first four articles focus on describing climatic and hydrological changes and their causes, the following five articles focus more on possible mitigation and adaptation measures.
The climate change debate has increased the need for knowledge on both long- and short-term regional environmental changes. In general, these changes may often be a product of multiple causes, which complicates the separation of single driving forces. In this review we focus on current water budget changes in Germany’s capital region, Berlin-Brandenburg, over the last 30 years. Available studies from a variety of disciplines (e.g. hydrology, water engineering, landscape ecology, nature conservation) were analysed in order to (1) identify both local and regional hydrological changes, (2) reveal their potential causes, and (3) discuss responses of ecosystems and society. These studies show that the Berlin-Brandenburg region is widely characterised by decreasing groundwater recharge, leading to decreasing groundwater and lake levels as well as decreasing fluvial discharge. These trends result both from complex, regional human impacts (e.g. long-term effects of hydro-melioration and changes in forest composition) and more general climate warming. The observed and assumed (future) changes of the regional water balance have been creating, and will continue to create, multifaceted impacts on existing ecosystems and society (e.g. wetland drying, decrease of biodiversity, decrease of productivity of grasslands and forests, increasing conflicts of interests). Several efforts to respond to the regional water deficit problem have already been undertaken, comprising for instance land-use optimisation, wetland restoration measures and the reestablishment of mixed deciduous forests. In general, however, the reviewed regional material on this topic reveals that the number and complexity of empirical studies are still poor. Thus, for both the identification and the explanation of current water balance changes and their effects, as well as for development and implementation of adaptive strategies, further multidisciplinary research efforts at different scales, including interregional comparisons, are required. Furthermore, both the observation of hydrological changes and the evaluation of adaptive and mitigative responses require at least continuous or, even better, extended monitoring efforts.
Global change is posing a major challenge to existing forms of natural resource use, socio-economic development and institutional regulation. Although trends such as climate change, socio-economic transformation and institutional change are global in their scope, they have very specific regional outcomes. Regionally distinct coping strategies are required which take into account both the diversity of regional impacts of global change and the local contexts of appropriate responses. This paper explores the impacts of global change on the management of water infrastructure systems in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in terms of three concurrent and overlapping challenges: climate change, socio-economic change and institutional change. It subsequently examines how regional actors in the water sector are addressing these three dimensions of global change.