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Engels veröffentlichte 1888 in seiner Broschüre "Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen deutschen Philosophie" im Verlag von J.H.W. Dietz in Stuttgart einen Anhang "Karl Marx über Feuerbach (niedergeschrieben in Brüssel im Frühjahr 1845)". Der Text stammte aus einem Notizbuch von Marx, das Listen von Büchern, Namen, Adressen, kurze Auszüge, Gedanken, Entwürfe und Bemerkungen verschiedener Art enthält, darunter diese elf Thesen, die Marx mit "1) ad Feuerbach" überschrieben hatte <a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4-opus-17680">(siehe Karl Marx: "1) ad Feuerbach". In: MEGA IV/3)</a>. Engels hat ihn für die Veröffentlichung überarbeitet. Er wurde danach unter dem Titel "Feuerbach-Thesen" oder "Thesen über Feuerbach" bekannt. Im MEGA-Band I/30 wird der Text in der Version von Engels (S. 792-794) zusammen mit einem Verzeichnis der Änderungen von Engels am Text von Marx (S. 794-796) dargeboten. Zusätzliche Informationen über die Entstehung und Einordnung des Anhangs bieten die betreffenden Passagen aus der Einführung (S. 590-592) und dem Abschnitt "Entstehung und Überlieferung" (S. 780 und 787-788) im MEGA-Band I/30.
For decades, water resources have been used intensively for drinking water, industry, agriculture and energy production. This paper summarises the main anthropogenic influences on the water cycle in a Pleistocene landscape and associated geochemical reactions. The results allow the identification and description of the main hydraulic and geochemical processes that control water and solute fluxes in different hydrological compartments, in particular recharge and discharge regions. Under progressive climate change, this process-based knowledge should be used to adapt land and water management to minimise negative impacts on hydrological resources and stabilise the regional water balance in theBerlin-Brandenburg Pleistocene landscape. Based on these results, a risk assessment approach for validation of future management strategies under changing climate conditions is presented.
Since humans are preferentially settling in flood plains they often influence freshwater systems intensely. The first signs of anthropogenic impacts on surface waters in the Berlin-Brandenburg region are approximately 3000 years old. Considering the multiple and intense human uses of surface waters in this region, we analysed when, how and to which extent regional rivers and streams became impacted by dams, water mills and fish weirs resulting in changes in morphology, hydrology and ecological functioning. We hypothesise that the development and growth of cities in this region necessitated (1) efficient navigability of rivers linking them, (2) efficient use of hydropower resources for mills, and (3) significant pollution of surface waters especially with the beginning of industrial development. We analyse these hypotheses by means of three regional examples and delineate the effects of human uses on selected surface water bodies. Understanding the effects of these historic modifications of surface water supports the identification of options for a sustainable use of surface waters that are currently still subjected to multiple uses but face a significant decrease in discharge due to climate change.
The potential of agriculture, forestry, and other land uses to sequester carbon offers a powerful tool for controlling the global climate regime, but practices capable of creating “collateral” benefits for landscape conservation have thus far been disregarded. This paper calls for greater integration of scattered trees into agricultural landscapes, hypothesizing that agroforestry practices effectively store carbon and deliver other important ecosystem services as well. Several agroforests from the Upper Lusatia area in Eastern Germany have been selected for analysis. They cover relatively large areas of land (8.2%), even within this intensively used agricultural landscape, and their extent increased from 1964-2008 by 19.4%. Practices of conserving or promoting the six agroforest classes are compared with a catalogue of essential properties for becoming effective “carbon offset projects”. Criteria from mandatory and voluntary carbon markets for carbon sequestration are then applied (additionality, baselines, permanence, and carbon leakage). The study concludes that steps towards realization of “carbon sequestration projects” should include collecting empirical evidence regarding the carbon sequestration potential of temperate agroforestry systems, developing localised demonstration projects, and upscaling these projects to participate in established carbon markets.