Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Schlagworte
- Bewusstsein (10)
- consciousness (8)
- science (7)
- Religion (6)
- Eriugena (5)
- Evolution (5)
- pattern formation (5)
- religion (5)
- Heisenberg (4)
- Neurobiologie (4)
- Wissenschaft (4)
- decodability (4)
- Apokatastasis (3)
- Cusanus (3)
- Gehirn (3)
- Gemeinsinn (3)
- Homo sapiens (3)
- Kindi (3)
- Lebenskunst (3)
- TMV (3)
- Wissenschaftskommunikation (3)
- Wissenschaftspolitik (3)
- autocatalysis (3)
- brain (3)
- evolution (3)
- human (3)
- wissenschaftliche Politikberatung (3)
- China (2)
- Dekodierung (2)
- Empathie (2)
- Feigl (2)
- Galilei (2)
- Goedel (2)
- Gödel (2)
- Hypatia (2)
- Isaac Israeli (2)
- Kognition (2)
- Kosmologie (2)
- Naturwissenschaften (2)
- RNA (2)
- Trembley (2)
- Willensfreiheit (2)
- Wissenschaftsgeschichte (2)
- anthropic principle (2)
- brain mind (2)
- cognition (2)
- electricity (2)
- empathy (2)
- history (2)
- infectivity (2)
- lateral inhibition (2)
- protein synthesis (2)
- transcendence (2)
- Archäologie (1)
- Assabyah (1)
- Augustin (1)
- Begrenzte Rationalität (1)
- Berlin-Adlershof (1)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
- Boussinesq conditions (1)
- Buoyancy driven flows (1)
- Carnap (1)
- Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1)
- DNA (1)
- Determination (1)
- Elektrizität (1)
- Entscheidungstheorie (1)
- Erkenntnistheorie (1)
- Europe (1)
- Flüssigkeitsreibung (1)
- Fokker-Planck (1)
- Gehirn-Geist-Beziehung (1)
- Geist (1)
- Heraclit (1)
- History of Science (1)
- Hydra (1)
- Internationale Kooperation (1)
- Jesuits (1)
- John Donne (1)
- Kepler (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Khaldun (1)
- Kooperation (1)
- Kulturen (1)
- Kurt Gödel (1)
- Lateral inhibition (1)
- Laterale Inhibition (1)
- Mensch (1)
- Menschwerdung (1)
- Mikroreibung (1)
- Mikroviskosität (1)
- Mind (1)
- Mittelalter (1)
- Molekül (1)
- Molekülrotation (1)
- Moralismus (1)
- Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik (1)
- Neuplatonismus (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Nusselt number measurements (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Pattern formation (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Philosophy of Science (1)
- Polyribosomes (1)
- Polysomes (1)
- Psychological Concepts (1)
- Psychological Instruments (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Publikations- und Kommunikationstechniken (1)
- Pyrometrie (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Reticulocytes (1)
- Rudolf Carnap (1)
- Schelling (1)
- Selbstbezug (1)
- Selbstrepresentation (1)
- Sozialgeschichte (1)
- Soziobiologie (1)
- Staat (1)
- Staat / Entstehung (1)
- Stokes (1)
- Stokes-Gleichung (1)
- Strategisches Denken (1)
- Strukturbildung (1)
- Taylor Couette flow (1)
- Technische Innovation (1)
- Theory (1)
- Thermal convection (1)
- Thierry (1)
- Unentscheidbarkeit (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Vertrauen (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Wiedervereinigung (1)
- Wissenschaftskooperation (1)
- Wolff (1)
- altruism (1)
- axonal branching (1)
- axons (1)
- bounded rationality (1)
- brain evolution (1)
- brain mind relation (1)
- cell aggregates (1)
- combinatorial (1)
- consciouness (1)
- cooperation (1)
- cosmology (1)
- cruciform DNA (1)
- cultural diversity (1)
- cultural pluralism (1)
- decidability (1)
- decision (1)
- decision theory (1)
- desamination (1)
- development (1)
- developmental-biology (1)
- early career (1)
- embryology (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- finitistic (1)
- finitistisch (1)
- free-will (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gradients (1)
- growth cone (1)
- guidance (1)
- head formation (1)
- heat (1)
- heat current (1)
- high Rayleigh number convection (1)
- history of science (1)
- history of technology (1)
- holistic (1)
- human capital (1)
- human cognition (1)
- hydra (1)
- hydra regeneration (1)
- income distribution (1)
- international cooperation (1)
- lateral-inhibition (1)
- medieval philosophy (1)
- messenger RNA (1)
- microfriction (1)
- microviscosity (1)
- mind (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- momentum flux (1)
- mutagenesis (1)
- mutation in vitro (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neurogenesis (1)
- non-Oberbeck-Boussinesq conditions (1)
- open access (1)
- palindromes (1)
- pattern-formation (1)
- philosophy of science (1)
- pipe flow (1)
- polarity (1)
- projection (1)
- promotion of young scientists (1)
- quantum physics (1)
- reaction-diffusion (1)
- regeneration (1)
- retinotectal (1)
- ribonucleic acid (1)
- rotation (1)
- science cooperation (1)
- self refence (1)
- self reference (1)
- self-understanding (1)
- single strand (1)
- sociobiology (1)
- solidarity (1)
- sorting out (1)
- steamships (1)
- techniques of publishing and communication (1)
- terminal arbour (1)
- theology (1)
- theoretica concepts (1)
- thermal convection (1)
- tissue evagination (1)
- translation (1)
- undecidability (1)
- virus (1)
- Ägypten (1)
- Ägypten (Altertum) (1)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (50)
Institut
- Veröffentlichungen von Akademiemitgliedern (50) (entfernen)
Modern science, based on the laws of physics, claims validity for all events in space and time. However, it also reveals its own limitations, such as the indeterminacy of quantum physics, the limits of decidability, and, presumably, limits of decodability of the mind-brain relationship. At the philosophical level, these intrinsic limitations allow for different interpretations of the relation between human cognition and the natural order. In particular, modern science may be logically consistent with religious as well as agnostic views of humans and the universe. These points are exemplified through the transcript of a discussion between Kurt Gödel and Rudolf Carnap that took place in 1940. Gödel, discoverer of mathematical undecidability, took a proreligious view; Carnap, one of the founders of analytical philosophy, an antireligious view. By the time of the discussion, Carnap had liberalized his ideas on theoretical concepts of science: he believed that observational terms do not suffice for an exhaustive definition of theoretical concepts. Then, responded Gödel, one should formulate a theory or metatheory that is consistent with scientific rationality, yet also encompasses theology. Carnap considered such theories unproductive. The controversy remained unresolved, but its emphasis shifted from rationality to wisdom, not only in the Gödel-Carnap discussion but also in our time.
Applying mild methods of preparation, part of the ribosomes of rabbit reticulocytes are found in aggregates (later called polyribosomes) of up to six ribosomal units. Upon treatment with RNA-ase, they desintegrate into single ribosomes. The fast-sedimenting aggregates are found to be more active in protein synthesis in terms of incorporation of radioactive amino acids, whereas the single ribosomes are more receptive to stimulation by the artificial messenger RNA poly-U. The findings indicate that the linkage of ribosomes into aggregates is due to the messenger RNA. They support a tape-reading mechanism of protein synthesis whereby growth of the peptide chain is accompanied by shifting the active site of the ribosome from one coding group of nucleotides of the messenger RNA to the next.
We expose analogies between turbulence in a fluid heated from below (Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) flow) and shear flows: The unifying theory for RB flow (S.Grossmann and D.Lohse, J.Fluid Mech. 407, 27-56 (2000) and subsequent refinements) can be extended to the flow between rotating cylinders (Taylor-Couette flow) and pipe flow. We identify wind dissipation rates and momentum fluxes that are analogous to the dissipation rate and heat flux in RB flow. The proposed unifying description for the three cases is consistent with the experimental data.
Naturwissenschaftliches Denken, wie es von altgriechischen Naturphilosophen begründet und in der Antike weiterentwickelt wurde, verfiel mit dem Aufstieg der monotheistischen Offenbarungsreligionen, die die Neugier auf die natürliche Wirklichkeit als eitle Bemühung ansahen, welche nichts zum Seelenheil beitrage. Die neuzeitliche Naturwissenschaft nahm ihren Ausgang in der Renaissance, die die kreativen Fähigkeiten des menschlichen Denkens wiederentdeckte. Sie verdankt aber auch sehr viel dem Aufbruch philosophisch-theologischen Denkens im Mittelalter, der dem „Buch der Natur“ eine Anerkennung als gleichberechtigten Zugang zur Wahrheit neben dem „Buch der Offenbarung“ verschaffte. Die ersten Ansätze hierzu zeigen sich besonders im Werk eines überragenden, wenn auch oft verkannten Denkers des 9. Jahrhunderts - Johannes ERIUGENA. Er postulierte den Vorrang der Vernunft vor der Autorität, erlaubte sich sehr weitgehende sinngemäße Interpretationen biblischer Überlieferungen und sah die Erkenntnis der natürlichen Wirklichkeit mit Begriffen menschlicher Vernunft als gottgewollt und gottgegeben an. Der Mensch selbst sei die Zusammenfassung der gesamten Schöpfung. Gleichzeitig und unabhängig von ERIUGENA forderte AL-KINDI in Bagdad - auf der Grundlage ähnlichen Wissens und ähnlicher philosophischer Ideen - die positive Bewertung wissenschaftlicher Bemühungen ein. In der frühen Renaissance war es besonders CUSANUS, der Ideen von ERIUGENA aufnahm. Mit der Betonung der menschlichen Kreativität, der Forderung nach quantitativen Experimenten, besonders aber mit seiner Philosophie des positiven Wissens um die Grenzen des Wissens, ging CUSANUS aber auch wesentlich über ERIUGENAs Gedanken hinaus. Als dann, über sieben Jahrhunderte nach ERIUGENA, GALILEI die moderne Naturwissenschaft begründete, rechtfertigte er sein freizügiges Denken im „Brief an CASTELLI“ mit Argumenten, die in erstaunlichem Maße mit Vorstellungen ERIUGENAS übereinstimmen.+++++++ An abbrived English version is also available online (17 pages): <a href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4360-1001048">Alfred Gierer (2000), Eriugena and al-Kindi, Nineth century protagonists pro-scientific cultural change</a>.
Ancient Greek philosophers were the first to postulate the possibility of explaining nature in theoretical terms and to initiate attempts at this. With the rise of monotheistic religions of revelation claiming supremacy over human reason and envisaging a new world to come, studies of the natural order of the transient world were widely considered undesirable. Later, in the Middle Ages, the desire for human understanding of nature in terms of reason was revived. This article is concerned with the fundamental reversal of attitudes, from “undesirable” to “desirable”, that eventually led into the foundations of modern science. One of the earliest, most ingenious and most interesting personalities involved was Eriugena, a theologian at the Court of Charles the Bald in the 9th century. Though understanding what we call nature is only one of the several aspects of his theological work, his line of thought implies a turn into a pro-scientific direction: the natural order is to be understood in abstract terms of ‘primordial causes’; understanding nature is considered to be the will of God; man encompasses the whole of creation in a physical as well as a mental sense. Basically similar ideas on the reconciliation of scientific rationality and monotheistic religions of revelation were conceived, independently and nearly simultaneously, by the Arab philosopher al-Kindi in Bagdad. Eriugena was more outspoken in his claim that reason is superior to authority. This claim is implicit in the thought of Nicholas of Cusa with his emphasis on human mental creativity as the image of God’s creativity; and it is the keynote of Galileo’s ‘Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina’ some 800 years later, the manifesto expressing basic attitudes of modern science. This article in English is based on the monography (in German): A. Gierer “Eriugena, al-Kindi, Nikolaus von Kues - Protagonisten einer wissenschaftsfreundlichen Wende im philosophischen und theologischen Denken”, Acta Historica Leopoldina 29 (1999), Barth Verlag in MVH Verlage Heidelberg, ISBN: 3-335-00652-6
In dem Buch werden vielfältige und unterschiedliche Vorstellungen über den Nutzen und die Ausgestaltung wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung präsentiert. Sie geben zum einen die seit langem geführte akademische Diskussion zu diesem Thema wieder und zum anderen die konkreten Erfahrungen von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern, die in der Politikberatung tätig sind. Mit Beiträgen u. a. von Ortwin Renn, Naomi Oreskes, Roger A. Pielke Jr., Ottmar Edenhofer u. Martin Kowarsch, Peter Weingart u. a.
Early-career funding in German-African academic cooperation: achievements, challenges, perspectives
(2024)
This paper analyses experiences, challenges and potentials in German-African academic cooperation in the field of early-career funding considering the humanities and social sciences as well as natural sciences and medicine. It is based on a comprehensive overview of existing German funding formats and an exemplary survey of the experiences of African cooperation partners with these programmes. The authors propose the establishment of an interface between academic research, the practice of science funding, and African researchers. According to the authors, such a contact and information point would contribute to the improvement of German-African science cooperation and be an important element of Germany’s scientific diplomacy in the long term. This paper is the English translation of Denkanstoß 13 (2023): Early-Career-Förderung in der deutsch-afrikanischen Wissenschaftskooperation. Leistungen, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. Berlin.
Aside from the increasing, impressive evidence on chemical identification of graded molecules involved, it is the capability of axons for approaching the target position from different aspects in a two-dimensional field which is per se a strong indication for the involvement of gradients. Targeting requires, in the target field, counter-graded effects, either by antagonistic gradients, or by a single gradient in each dimension exerting attractive effects at low, reverting to inhibitory (repulsive) effects at high concentrations. A further requirement for mapping is the modulation of the counter-graded effects by components of the growth cone itself which depends on the origin of the corresponding axon.Transduction and processing of graded signals in the navigating growth cones are proposed to be strongly enhanced by intra-growth-cone pattern formation. The concept also encompasses regulatory and branching processes including the formation of the terminal arbors.
In diesem Buch zeigt der Physiker und Biologe Alfred Gierer - er ist Direktor am Max-Planck- Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie - die Reichweite, aber auch die prinzipiellen Grenzen naturwissenschaftlichen Denkens auf. Beides wird nirgends so deutlich wie im Verhältnis der Biologie zur Physik: Hier stellen sich die Fragen, was Leben ist, wie es entstand und sich bis zur Höhe des Menschen entwickelte, wie der Reichtum der Formen zu verstehen ist und in welcher Beziehung das Bewußtsein, die “Seele”, zu einem wissenschaftlichen Verständnis der Lebensvorgänge steht. “Die Physik, das Leben und die Seele” informiert über diese wichtigen Zusammenhänge in allgemeinverständlicher Form und regt in besonderem Maße die Freude am kritischen Mitdenken an. Das Buch schlägt einen weiten Bogen von der Grundlagen der Physik und Logik über die neuen Erkenntnisse der Biologie bis zu der Frage, was uns die Naturwissenschaften über den Menschen und sein Bewußtsein lehren können - und was nicht.