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Alexander von Humboldt’s maps, graphs and illustrations contain a great deal of detail, but in the available rare editions they are hardly visible to the naked eye. In many editions they have been reduced. In a digital library, they will become accessible in their entirety, and Internet technology will reproduce them in a form that overcomes the limitations of the original printing. The user will be able to enlarge the images and see details that might have been overlooked in the past. The Humboldt’s digital library will adhere to the standards for digital libraries established by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) and the tools EPRINTS and DSPACE to provide the Web services and determine the most effective way to establish dynamic linking and knowledge based searching of information within the archive.
The introductory personal remarks refer to my motivations for choosing research projects, and for moving from physics to molecular biology and then to development, with Hydra as a model system. Historically, Trembley’s discovery of Hydra regeneration in 1744 was the begin¬ning of developmental biology as we understand it, with passionate debates about preformation versus de novo generation, mechanisms versus organisms. In fact, seemingly conflicting bottom-up and top-down concepts are both required in combination to understand development. In modern terms, this means analysing the molecules involved, as well as searching for physical principles underlying development within systems of molecules, cells and tissues. During the last decade, molecular biology has provided surprising and impressive evidence that the same types of mol¬ecules and molecular systems are involved in pattern formation in a wide range of organisms, including coelenterates like Hydra, and thus appear to have been “invented” early in evolution. Likewise, the features of certain systems, especially those of developmental regulation, are found in many different organisms. This includes the generation of spatial structures by the interplay of self-enhancing activation and “lateral” inhibitory effects of wider range, which is a main topic of my essay. Hydra regeneration is a particularly clear model for the formation of defined patterns within initially near-uniform tissues. In conclusion, this essay emphasizes the analysis of development in terms of physical laws, including the application of mathematics, and insists that Hydra was, and will continue to be, a rewarding model for understanding general features of embryogenesis and regeneration.
A reaction to the article „The Lost Archive“, The Wall Street Journal 12.1.2008, page 1 (US edition) http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120008793352784631.html The belief in the myth that old manuscripts should be mysterious and powerful is part and parcel of the age of Modernity. That such expectations were operative in the discussion on the Qumran fragments is still remembered, and more recently the Da Vinci Code, in itself a quite shallow story, sold extremely well. The fact that the Wall Street Journal placed an article on the “lost Bergsträsser-film archive” of Qur’anic manuscripts on its front page on 12th of January seems to be due to the myth of “textual wars” taking place in the world.
The neuronal dynamics of auditory language comprehension : (Akademievorlesung am 12. November 1998)
(1999)
Gedanken über die weitere Arbeit am Wörterbuch der Ägyptischen Sprache
Full applicability of physics to human biology does not necessarily imply that one can uncover a comprehensive, algorithmic correlation between physical brain states and corresponding mental states. The argument takes into account that information processing is finite in principle in a finite world. Presumbly the brain-mind-relation cannot be resolved in all essential aspects, particularly when high degrees of abstraction or self-analytical processes are involved. Our conjecture plausibly unifies the universal validity of physics and a logical limitation of human thought, and it does not regard consciousness -the most basic human experience - as a marginal phenomenon. ++++ RATIO appeared up to 1987 in both a German and an English version. The German title of this article: Alfred Gierer, Der physikalische Grundlegungsversuch in der Biologie und das psychophysische Problem. RATIO XII, Heft 1, 1970, S. 40-54.
Climate change is expected to increase water scarcity in northeast Germany. Land-use change is one of the options of mitigation that is intensely discussed in this region. This review aims at giving a compilation of existing data and modelling studies in order to investigate the potential and the limits of the land-use change approach.
This paper is an updated presentation of the Ramses project being currently developed at the University of Liège. The first section stresses the main objectives and gives a technical description of the general architecture of Ramses software. The second part describes the encoding procedures and reviews the current state of the annotation. In the third section, some changes brought about by the use of large-scale corpora are discussed from an epistemological viewpoint. The paper ends with the presentation of some new avenues for research that will ensue from the use of a complex multilevel corpus.
Historic parks and gardens survive in many places with some sites still in use but others abandoned long ago and now given over to other purposes. Accurate repair and reliable reconstruction depend upon archaeological information which is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The impairment and loss of such detail threaten historical integrity. This means that we must monitor changes and develop suitable mitigation.
Der theologische Rationalismus war die letzte Gestalt der Aufklärungstheologie; seine Blütezeit erlebte er gleichzeitig und in Konkurrenz mit der u.a. von Schelling geprägten spekulativen Richtung und mit der teils mehr biblizistischen, teils mehr konfessionellen Theologie der Erweckung. Kennzeichen des Rationalismus war einerseits eine verstärkte historisch-kritische Quellenforschung, andererseits das Bemühen, Lehre und Praxis soweit möglich auf das auszurichten, was jenseits geschichtlicher Autoritäten der allgemeinen menschlichen Vernunft plausibel sei: die Existenz Gottes, die Unsterblichkeit der Seele und die Pflicht zu tugendhaftem Leben. Seit etwa 1840 verfiel der Rationalismus.
The Swedish Academy Dictionary (SAOB) is one of the big national dictionary projects started in the 19th century. SAOB is still in production – there are another two volumes out of 38 to printed before 2018. The structure inside the volumes is (of course) varied/varying. There are ten chief editors and five generations of editors involved in the project. In the 1980s the SAOB was OCR-scanned. The result was used for a webversion in the internet from 1997. The webversion is very frequently used but has a lot of shortcomings due to, among other things, a great typographic complexity and a scanning technology of the time. Now the editorial board is discussing the future: redigitalization (in China), updating of the webversion with new search tools, updating of the dictionary itself and some form of editing tool.
The article summarizes the contents and the structurtal premises of the “Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien” (TITUS), focussing on search functions and facilities and questions of the encoding of ancient languages written in various scripts. Examples are taken from Tocharian, Greek, Vedic Sanskrit, and other ancient Indo-European languages covered by TITUS.
The recent discoveries of the Czech mission show clearly that Abusir formed with Saqqara a single geographical unit in ancient Egypt and that the modern separation of them is outdated. Abusir seems to have played the crucial role as the last area into which the necropolis expanded after exhausting the space occuppied by the Archaic Cemetery of North Saqqara. In fact, it is the last vestige before the move from the area (including Dahshur and Meidum) to Giza at the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty. The tombs of Hetepi and lty, discovered and explored during the past few years, are probably the final representatives of genuine Third Dynasty tomb evolution in the Saqqara-Abusir area which drew its last breath at the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty. These tombs undoubtedly belonged to the upper class in the society of the day, though certainly not to members of the royal family. Their characteristics clearly show exactly what preceded later tomb development at Meidum, Dahshur and Giza.
This paper presents the Bogoroditsk (Tula Region in Russia) Park’s history of origin in the 18th century, its subsequent functioning and degrading. Special attention is paid to the contribution of A. T. Bolotov serving as the supervisor of Bogoroditsk Volost in the 1770s–1790s. In conclusion, the contemporary state of Bogoroditsk Park and its water-supply facilities that is worrying the experts is described.