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- Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe Zukunft der Medizin: "Gesundheit für alle" (69) (remove)
The Emergence of Modern Medicine and a New Understanding of Health and Disease: Rudolf Virchow and the Berlin Medical Society. At the beginning of the 19th century, the most important cities for medicine were Paris and Vienna. Berlin had less than 200,000 inhabitants and no university.Within a short period of time, this changed dramatically – and progress in medicine was a main catalyst. At the end of the 19th century, around two million people lived in Berlin and the city had become the world metropolis of modern medicine. This article examines the main causes and the central figures of this astonishing development. The driving force behind this advance was the rise of a new sort of medicine, i. e., a medicine based on evidence and science. Here, the Berlin Medical Society and its long-time president Rudolf Virchow played a central role. His concept of cellular pathology changed the definitions, methods and understanding of health and disease. Thus, it is no exaggeration to state that Virchow served as one of the most important founding fathers of modern medicine.
Evolutionary Medicine and its Holistic Concept of Health. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in our understanding of biological processes on genomic, cellular, and evolutionary levels.We owe this progress in great part to modern genetic techniques, steady improvements in imaging technology, and ground-breaking molecular tools.These findings not only helped turning Darwin’s hypothesis on the origin of species into an exact science, they also require us to integrate the complex interactions between biology, environment, and behavior into our ways of thinking. As a result, a new scientific rationale for a holistic concept of health and disease emerged: Evolutionary Medicine. The holistic approach of Evolutionary Medicine provides a new perspective on human biology: Why are people so frail, why do we get sick? Most importantly, it helps us comprehend how to better preserve health – as opposed to merely focusing on the treatment of diseases. For example, it is the misalignment between our evolutionary ‘old’ biology and our fast-changing, man-made environment (e. g., urbanization and nutrition with processed food) that helps to comprehend the emergence of civilization diseases.
The Concept of Health in Immunology and Infection Biology: Nine Opportunities for the Future. Looking at our individual immune systems, one might get the impression that health is mostly a personal matter. However, infection biology immediately points to the fact that health is the outcome of a global joint effort undertaken not only by all humans, but actually by all living beings. From the very large to the very small, health is based on a fragile balance and the successful collaboration of numerous single entities in a highly sensitive and complex network that connects our innermost world with that of the outside. Diseases have been with us forever, and in the course of time, they shaped our political and cultural community. Yet, they also are one of the main drivers of evolutionary development. In that capacity, they have promoted progress from simple life forms to complex beings, i. e., ourselves. Thus, health can also be seen as the product of innumerable tiny coincidences. Politics, academia and society should ensure prevention of future detrimental (or harmful) coincidences with such tragic outcomes.
One Health and Human-Animal Relationships: Do We Make Our Animals Sick? Since the very beginning of human-animal relationships, humankind took advantage of animals, as of nature in general. While many people today perceive themselves as animal-loving, in reality we tend to systematically deprive our farm animals and pets of their own nature and health. On our quest to perfect our exploitation of the animal world, we reached a dimension that started to profoundly worry veterinary professionals, animal welfare activists, and also the informed public. Ultimately, this destructive relationship leads to detrimental consequences for both parties: e. g., the extinction of wild animals, or the transmission of diseases from one to the other. However, one could argue that the suffering we cause to animals clearly and by far exceeds the harm caused by, for example, the animal-derived COVID-19. Is this a too provocative hypothesis? This article is an invitation to take a closer look at various facets of our current humananimal relationship with its consequences for both.
The Feeling of Being Healthy: New Perspectives on Modern Medicine. „Well-being“ and mental health have become increasingly important in the definitions of health since 1945. Has this also changed the feeling of being healthy? The chapter demonstrates that the intuitive feeling of being healthy when the body does not cause any discomfort has been increasingly delegitimized in the last hundred years. It identifies three developments as responsible for this shift: the establishment of the risk factor model, the reconceptualization of health as result of a constant process of rebalancing health and illness, and the emphasis on the subjective component of health.
Concepts of Health in Psychiatry. In talking about concepts of health in psychiatry,we are not talking about an essentialist concept of health, where there is some essential thing that health might be. There is a straightforward sense in which psychiatric „health“ simply means the absence of psychiatric disease. Marking out our concepts of health in psychiatry would then involve marking out the boundaries between normal and abnormal psychic phenomena. However, there is no single, neat concept of health in psychiatry; nor are there concepts of health that neatly cohere into one overarching theory of health. This is not because psychiatry is vague. It is because psychiatry reflects the complexity of the whole person.
Der Denkanstoß 11 „KI in der Medizin“ beleuchtet den Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und von maschinellem Lernen in der Medizin. KI hält ein großes Potential für eine bessere medizinische Praxis und Forschung bereit. Der Sektor wartet mit fortwährenden Innovationen auf, deren Zahl sich in den kommenden Jahren noch erheblich steigern wird. Gleichzeitig gilt es, zahlreiche technische, rechtliche und ethische Herausforderungen zu klären. Insbesondere Fragen nach der Verantwortung, der Güte von Daten und Algorithmen und dem Schutz der individuellen Gesundheitsdaten sind in der Wissenschaft und der Öffentlichkeit ambivalent diskutierte Themen. Die zentrale Frage lautet dabei, wie digitale Daten für die wissenschaftliche Forschung sinnvoll und gewinnbringend genutzt werden können, ohne dabei den Datenschutz außen vor zu lassen oder ihm sogar einen so großen Raum zu geben, dass er wichtige Forschung verhindert. Diese Frage wird anhand von Beiträgen aus Theorie und Praxis diskutiert. Mit Beiträgen von Olaf Dössel, Tobias Schäffter, Fabian Schöck, Christoph Lippert, Iris Pigeot, Frauke Kreuter, Rico Barth, Daniel Strech et al.
Der Denkanstoß 12 „Gesundheitswissenschaften und Medizin in Brandenburg“ ist eine Fortschreibung von Denkanstoß 8 „Gesundheitsregion Berlin-Brandenburg“, um dem Flächenland Brandenburg mit seinen spezifischen medizinisch-gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Strukturen und Entwicklungen den nötigen Raum zu bieten, diese Entwicklungen darzustellen. Diese Fortschreibung ist als ein Aufruf zu verstehen, Berlin und Brandenburg noch mehr als bisher zusammen zu denken. Das Potential dieser beiden Regionen als eine Gesundheitsregion ist sehr groß und sollte daher gewinnbringend für beide Länder genutzt werden. Der „Denkanstoß“ ist auch das Resultat umfangreicher Diskussionen, vielfältiger Hinweise und wertvoller Anregungen von Vertreter:innen aus Wissenschaft, Klinik, Politik und Verwaltung des Landes Brandenburg aus dem Jahr 2022. Mit Beiträgen von Nathalie Dehne, Jouleen Gruhn, Christine Holmberg, Maria Radzimanowski, Felix G. Rebitschek, Isabelle Vandre und Andreas Winkelmann.
Maschinelles Lernen und Künstliche Intelligenz in der Medizin - eine Einführung und ein Plädoyer
(2023)
Die Artikel des Denkanstoßes „Gesundheit von morgen“ diskutieren, wie angesichts knapper Ressourcen und notwendiger Reformen das Nachhaltigkeitsziel 3 der Vereinten Nationen „Gesundheit und Wohlergehen“ erreicht werden kann. Die Artikel bilden eine große Bandbreite aktueller Themen in den Bereichen Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung ab und heben besonders die Rolle der Gesundheitskompetenz hervor. Mit Beiträgen u. a. von Annette Grüters-Kieslich, Doris Schaeffer und Klaus Hurrelmann, Christiane Woopen. Mit einer Einleitung und Empfehlungen von Detlev Ganten, Kerstin Berr, Susanne Melin und Britta Rutert.
Zukunft der Pflege
(2024)
Die professionelle Pflege ist in eine Krise geraten. Ursächlich hierfür sind unter anderem die strukturellen Rahmenbedingen, die nicht nur die Pflegefachkräfte betreffen. Vor welchen Herausforderungen die professionelle Pflege in Deutschland steht, wie die Pflegequalität verbessert werden kann, wie es um die Kinderkrankenpflege und andere Teilgebiete der Pflege bestellt ist und wie Spezialisierung in den Pflegeberufen aussehen kann, wird in den einzelnen Beiträgen des Hefts untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden aktuelle und historische Aspekte des Konzepts „Pflege“ (cura) beleuchtet. Empfehlungen und Lösungsvorschläge für die Zukunft der Pflege in Deutschland runden das Heft ab.